釋迦牟尼

(釋迦牟尼, 释迦牟尼)

[lang id =1028]釋迦文 ([lang id =1028]釋迦文尼); [lang id =1028]釋伽文 Śākyamuni, the saint of the Śākya tribe. (sa) muni is saint, holy man, sage, ascetic monk; it is: intp. as [lang id =1028]仁 benevolent, charitable, kind, also as [lang id =1028]寂默 one who dwells in seclusion. After '500 or 550' previous incarnations, Śākyamuni finally attained to the state of Bodhisattva, was born in the Tuṣita heaven, and descended as a white elephant, through her right side, into the womb of the immaculate Māyā, the purest woman on earth; this was on the 8th day of the 4th month; next year on the 8th day of the 2nd month he was born from her right side painlessly as she stood under a tree in the Lumbinī garden. For the subsequent miraculous events v. Eitel. also the [lang id =1028]神通遊戲經 (<Lalitavistara>), the [lang id =1028]釋迦如來成道記, etc. Simpler statements say that he was born the son of Śuddhodana, of the (sa) kṣatriya caste, ruler of Kapilavastu, and Māyā his wife; that Māyā died seven days later, leaving him to be brought up by her sister Prājapati; that in due course he was married to Yaśodharā who bore him a son, Rāhula; that in search of truth he left home, became an ascetic, severely disciplined himself, and finally at 35 years of age, under a tree, realized that the way of release from the chain of rebirth and death lay not in asceticism but in moral purity; this he explained first in his four dogmas, v. [lang id =1028]四諦 and eightfold noble way [lang id =1028]八正道, later amplified and developed in many sermons. He founded his community on the basis of poverty, chastity, and insight or meditation, ad it became known as Buddhism, as he became known as Buddha, the enlightened. His death was probably in or near 487 B.C., a few years before that of Confucius in 479. The sacerdotal name of his family is Gautama, said to be the original name of the whole clan, Śākya being that of his branch, v. [lang id =1028]瞿, [lang id =1028]喬.; his personal name was Siddhārtha, or Sarvārthasiddha, v. [lang id =1028]悉.

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佛名， 華譯為能仁寂默， 是開創佛教的教主， 本是古印度迦毗羅衛國的王太子， 父名淨飯， 母名摩耶， 因為了追求真理而出家修道成佛。 降生於公元前六二三年， 二十九歲出家， 三十五歲成道， 說法四十五年， 談經三百餘會， 所度人天， 其數無量， 約於公元前五四三年入滅， 世壽八十歲。